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Java Memory Leaks That Don't Show Up in Heap Dumps

Published
Author
Eric Hanson
Backend Developer

Heap dumps find heap leaks. A growing process RSS with a stable heap is a different problem entirely — native memory, Metaspace, DirectByteBuffers, and JNI allocations that the standard tooling misses.

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Java Optional — What It's For, What It's Not For, and How to Use It Well

Published
Author
Eric Hanson
Backend Developer

Optional is a return type that signals absence explicitly. It's not a null replacement, not a container to store in fields, and not a way to avoid NullPointerException everywhere. Used correctly, it improves API clarity. Used incorrectly, it adds allocation and verbosity without benefit.

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JPA Query Optimization — What Hibernate Generates and How to Control It

Published
Author
Eric Hanson
Backend Developer

Hibernate generates SQL from your entity model and query methods. The generated SQL is often correct but rarely optimal. Understanding what gets generated — and the specific patterns that override it — determines whether JPA is a productivity tool or a performance liability.

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